Types of demyelinating diseases include:

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease (MOGAD)
• Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)
• Transverse Myelitis
• Optic Neuritis
• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
• Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)
• Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS)

Outside of demyelinating disorders, there are other neuro-immunological disorders such as:

• Autoimmune Encephalitis
• Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome (OMAS/OMS)
• Central Nervous System Vasculitis/Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS)
• Lupus Cerebritis
• Neurosarcoidosis
• Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy
• Neuro-Behcet’s
• Neuro-Sjogren’s
• Acute Flaccid Myelitis - This is an infectious disorder, not a neuro-immune disorder, but the Pediatric Neuroimmunology Clinic is still typically involved in the evaluation and management of this disorder.

Testing may include:

• MRIs of the brain or spinal cord
• Blood tests
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap)
• Neuro-ophthalmology exam
• Electroencephalogram (EEG)

The type of and length of treatment will depend on the disease and its severity. These options will be discussed in detail at your child’s clinic visit and discussions will continue at every subsequent visit.