There are many reasons for dizziness, with some of the most common causes involving the vestibular system, a system that consists of both "peripheral" and "central" components. The peripheral vestibular system includes the inner structures and the nerve that travels to the brain. The central vestibular system includes nerves fibers and cells in the brain. One of the most common peripheral vestibular system disorders is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which occurs when small calcium particles get into an inner ear canal. These particles send false signals about movement to the brain. BPPV can be treated immediately in-office, generally using a series of head and body movements to move the debris out of the canal.

Other peripheral vestibular disorders include vestibular neuritis – generally one prolonged vertigo attack and Meniere’s disease which leads to recurrent attacks of vertigo and hearing loss on one side.

Sometimes people have chronic dizziness and a specific diagnosis cannot be made using a laboratory test or a scan. We believe chronic dizziness is likely caused by mechanisms similar to what causes headaches – that is why the term "migraine dizziness" is often used. We still have a lot to learn about the best treatment for this kind of dizziness; however we will take the time to discuss with you factors that have potential to help. This starts with considering lifestyle and general health factors, such as optimal sleep, exercise, and diet. In addition, your mental health is very important. In certain situations, medications may be helpful.

Although less common, central nervous system disorders such as stroke or tumors can also cause dizziness.