Cervical cell changes are classified according to their degree of abnormality using the Bethesda system (TBS). Further evaluation decisions are guided by the kinds of changes seen in the cells. Minor cell changes Minor cell changes may go away without treatment. But sometimes they turn into more serious cell changes...
Cervical cerclage is a rarely used type of surgery that involves sewing shut the outlet of the uterus (cervix) to prevent it from opening before a pregnancy is carried to early term (week 37). Cervical cerclage may be used for a woman who has given birth prematurely in a previous pregnancy and had minimal or no...
Cervical cerclage (say "SER-vuh-kul ser-KLAZH") is a procedure that helps keep a pregnant woman's cervix from opening too soon before delivery. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus. It leads to the vagina. During pregnancy, it is tightly closed to protect the baby. Normally, it doesn't open until the baby is ready...
Cervical collars, also called neck braces, are sometimes used to support the neck for a short time. They may be soft and made from felt, foam, or rubber. Or they may be hard and made from plastic. The soft collar allows a little more movement than the hard collar.
Cervical (neck) collars are sometimes used to support the neck. Hard collars are rigid and are usually made from plastic. They hold the head and neck very still. They are usually only used after major surgery or a serious injury, such as a broken neck. Soft collars may be made from felt, foam, or rubber. They allow some...
What is cervical disc herniation? The bones (vertebrae) that form the spine in your back are cushioned by round, flat discs. When these discs are healthy, they act as shock absorbers for the spine and keep the spine flexible. If they become damaged, they may bulge abnormally or break open (rupture), in what is called a...
As labor nears, the fetus's head drops down into the pelvis and pushes against the cervix. The cervix begins to thin (efface) and open (dilate), sometimes over a few weeks.
Effacement and dilatation allow a baby to be born through the birth canal. Effacement means that the cervix stretches and gets thinner. Dilatation means that the cervix opens. As labor nears, the cervix may start to thin or stretch (efface) and open (dilate). This prepares the cervix for the baby to pass through the...
What is cervical insufficiency? Cervical insufficiency means that the cervix can't stay tightly closed during the second trimester of pregnancy. Instead, the cervix opens (dilates) with little or no pain, usually before 24 weeks. This can lead to miscarriage or birth of a premature baby. You may also hear this condition...
What are cervical polyps? Cervical polyps are growths in the cervical canal. This is the passage between your uterus and your vagina. Almost all cervical polyps are noncancerous (benign). Most cervical polyps are first discovered during a pelvic exam. Usually only a single polyp develops, though sometimes two or three...
Cervical spinal fusion is surgery that joins two or more of the vertebrae in your neck. When these bones are joined together, it's called fusion. After the joints are fused, they can no longer move. During the surgery, the doctor uses bone to make a "bridge" between your vertebrae. This bridge may be strengthened with...
Covers narrowing of spinal canal in the neck. Looks at symptoms like pain or numbness in neck, shoulders, arms, hands, or legs caused by squeezing of nerves and cord. Discusses treatment with medicine, exercise, physical therapy, and surgery.
Courtesy of Intermountain Medical Imaging, Boise, Idaho. All rights reserved. The side view of the spine (figure 1) shows the normal position of the spinal bones. The spinal cord (not visible in this image) follows the path of the long white arrow. Figure 2 shows shifted spinal bones (short thick arrow) from a fracture...
What is cervical spondylosis? Spondylosis is age-related change of the bones (vertebrae) and discs of the spine. These changes are often called degenerative disc disease and osteoarthritis. When this condition is in the neck, it's called cervical spondylosis. These changes don't always cause symptoms. But they are a...
Cervicitis is an inflammation of the cervix, most often caused by infection. Symptoms of cervicitis include an unusual vaginal discharge or bleeding, redness or swelling of the cervix, and vaginal pain.
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that leads to the vagina. The opening in the cervix is called the cervical os.
The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. It is a part of the female reproductive system. During a menstrual period, blood flows from the uterus through the cervix, down the vagina, and out of the body. During ovulation, the cervix makes mucus that helps sperm move up into the uterus. During...
A cesarean section (C-section) is the delivery of a baby through an incision in the mother's belly and uterus.
Is this topic for you? If you have had a C-section and would like information about how a cesarean affects future deliveries, see the topic Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC). What is a cesarean section? A cesarean section is the delivery of a baby through a cut (incision) in the mother's belly and uterus. It is often...
A cesarean section, or C-section, is the surgical delivery of an infant through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus. Some cesarean sections are planned when a known medical problem would make labor dangerous for the mother or baby, while others are done when a quick delivery is needed to ensure the mother's...
To do a cesarean section, the doctor makes an incision. Usually it is a horizontal incision, made low across the belly, just above the pubic hair line. This may be called a "bikini cut." Sometimes the incision is vertical, from the navel down to the pubic area.
Common brand names: Zyrtec Cetirizine is a selective antihistamine used to relieve allergic rhinitis ( seasonal allergy ) symptoms including sneezing, runny nose, itching, and watery eyes. It is also used to treat people with idiopathic urticaria. As of the last update, we have found no reported interactions between...
Cetirizine is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Cetirizine oral is used in adults and children to treat cold or allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, or runny nose...
Cetirizine is an antihistamine that reduces the natural chemical histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Pseudoephedrine is a decongestant that shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dilated blood vessels can cause nasal congestion (stuffy nose)...
Cetirizine ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat itchy eyes caused by allergies. Cetirizine is for use in adults and children at least 2 years old. This medicine is not for use in treating eye irritation caused by wearing contact lenses. Cetirizine ophthalmic may also be used for purposes not listed in this...
Provides a summary of interactions with vitamins, herbs, and food
Cetrorelix is a man-made form of a protein that blocks the effects of certain hormones in the body that control ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary). If ovulation occurs too soon during fertility treatment, the eggs may not be suitable for fertilization. Cetrorelix works by preventing eggs from being released...
Cetuximab is used to treat cancers of the colon and rectum. It is also used to treat head and neck cancer. Cetuximab may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Provides a summary of interactions with vitamins, herbs, and food
How to Use It Generally, CMO is taken in the amount of 400 to 500 mg daily for 30 days. Where to Find It Cetyl myristoleate is found in certain animals, including cows, whales, beavers, and mice. As a nutritional supplement it is found in a highly purified, refined form in capsules and tablets. CMO is also available in...
